An elevated section of the Alaska Pipeline. Pipelines and rail cars use about double that pressure to pump at 250 psi (1,700 kPa). EG: Propane will convert from a gas to a liquid under light pressure, 100 psi, give or take depending on temperature, and is pumped into cars and trucks at less than 125 psi (860 kPa) at retail stations. Propane can be used as a fuel in oil fields to heat various facilities used by the oil drillers or equipment and trucks used in the oil patch. Small NGL processing facilities can be located in oil fields so the butane and propane liquid under light pressure of 125 pounds per square inch (860 kPa), can be shipped by rail, truck or pipeline. Natural gas (and similar gaseous fuels) are lightly pressurized into liquids known as Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs). (23% are by ship, 4% by truck, and 3% by rail) In Canada for natural gas and petroleum products, 97% are shipped by pipeline. In the United States, 70% of crude oil and petroleum products are shipped by pipeline. Trucking has even higher costs due to the additional labor required employment on completed pipelines represents only "1% of that of the trucking industry.". For example, in 2014, pipeline transport of crude oil cost about $5 per barrel, while rail transport cost about $10 to $15 per barrel. Pipelines are generally the most economical way to transport large quantities of oil, refined oil products or natural gas over land. Credit for the development of pipeline transport belongs indisputably to the Oil Transport Association, which first constructed a 2-inch (51 mm) wrought iron pipeline over a 6-mile (9.7 km) track from an oil field in Pennsylvania to a railroad station in Oil Creek, in the 1860s. It is certain when the first crude oil pipeline was built. ( Discuss) (June 2019)Ī " Pig" launcher/receiver, on the natural gas pipeline in Switzerland It has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled Oil pipeline. Bicycle transportation planning and engineering.Pipelines are useful for transporting water for drinking or irrigation over long distances when it needs to move over hills, or where canals or channels are poor choices due to considerations of evaporation, pollution, or environmental impact. Pipelines exist for the transport of crude and refined petroleum, fuels – such as oil, natural gas and biofuels – and other fluids including sewage, slurry, water, beer, hot water or steam for shorter distances. Liquids and gases are transported in pipelines, and any chemically stable substance can be sent through a pipeline.
Of these, 88,976 miles (143,193 km) represent projects in the planning and design phase 29,647 miles (47,712 km) reflect pipelines in various stages of construction. Pipeline and Gas Journal's worldwide survey figures indicate that 118,623 miles (190,905 km) of pipelines are planned and under construction. The United States had 65%, Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 76% of all pipeline were in these three countries.
The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than 2,175,000 miles (3,500,000 km) of pipeline in 120 countries of the world.
HDPE pipelines on a mine site in Australia.Ī pipeline is a system of pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption. For other uses, see Pipeline (disambiguation).
0 kommentar(er)
